Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: Porcine milk exosomes modulate the immune functions of CD14 + monocytes in vitro.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-48376-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. (A) Phagocytosis of fluorescein-labelled Escherichia coli bioparticles and (B) killing capacity of live E. coli by porcine monocytes after 22 h incubation with LPS-depleted porcine milk exosomes (MEx) (107). Cells treated with only medium (no exosomes) were considered as control. The results are expressed as fluorescence intensity (485/538 nm) and as colony-forming units/mL (CFU/mL), respectively. Data are means ± SEM of seven and five experiments for phagocytosis and killing capacity, respectively. Significance was declared for P ≤ 0.05 (*).

Article Snippet: The phagocytosis assay was carried out by measuring the fluorescence of fluorescein-labelled Escherichia coli (E. coli) K-12 strain bioparticles (Invitrogen) as previously performed49.

Techniques: Incubation, Control, Fluorescence

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: CD89 Is a Potent Innate Receptor for Bacteria and Mediates Host Protection from Sepsis.

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.062

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. The Recombinant Soluble CD89 Receptor Interacts Directly with Bacteria (A and B) Dose-dependent binding of soluble recombinant CD89 (sCD89) to fixed S.p (A) and E. coli (B). Binding to albumin (Alb) was used as a control. (C) Comparison of sCD89 binding to various types of fixed bacteria. (D) Interaction of sCD89 with live (green bar) versus fixed (black bars) 106 E. coli or 106 S. p. (E and F) S.p (E) and E. coli (F) binding to BMMs grown from CD89 transgenic mice (CD89Tg) or from littermates, visualized by confocal laser-scanning mi- croscopy. Right: quantification of binding (n = 4). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01, t test. (G and H) S.p (G) and E. coli (H) binding to BMMs isolated from CD89Tg mice or from littermates in the presence or absence of the anti-CD89 blocking antibody MIP8a F(ab’)2 (10 mg/mL) or of sCD89 (500 mg/mL), analyzed by flow cytometry. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 5. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; t test. See also Figure S1.

Article Snippet: The Escherichia coli (E. coli-K12, Strain SMG 123 (PTA-7555)), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (S. aureus, ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyogenes Rosenbach (S. pyogenes, ATCC 19615) and Escherichia coli-K12 WzxE (Coli genetic stock center, Yale university) were used for sCD89-bacteria interaction assays shown in Figure 1C.

Techniques: Recombinant, Bacteria, Binding Assay, Control, Comparison, Transgenic Assay, Isolation, Blocking Assay, Cytometry

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: CD89 Is a Potent Innate Receptor for Bacteria and Mediates Host Protection from Sepsis.

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.062

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Bacterium-CD89 Interaction on Mouse Cells Induces Activating ITAM Signaling, Leading to Inflammatory Cytokine Production, Bacterial Phagocytosis, and Killing (A and B) IL-6, TNF-a, and IL-1 production in the supernatant of BMMs obtained from CD89Tg and CD89R209L transgenic mice and littermate controls. Cells were incubated for 16 h in the presence of S.p (A) and E. coli (B) and cytokines in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. All data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; t test. (C) Confocal analysis of E. coli-pHrodo phagocytosis by BMMs obtained from CD89Tg mice compared with littermates in the presence or absence of MIP8a F(ab)’2 or sCD89 in a dose-dependent manner (100–800 mg/mL). Left: representative images. Right: quantification. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 3. ***p < 0.001, t test. (D) ROS production over 30 min by littermate, CD89Tg, and CD89R209L transgenic BMMs stimulated by live S.p (left) or E. coli (right), measured by confocal microscopy. All data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 15. **p < 0.01, t test. (E) Quantification of bacterial survival after 2 h of incubation with BMMs from CD89Tg, CD89R209L Tg, and littermate mice. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 3. ***p < 0.001, t test.

Article Snippet: The Escherichia coli (E. coli-K12, Strain SMG 123 (PTA-7555)), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (S. aureus, ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyogenes Rosenbach (S. pyogenes, ATCC 19615) and Escherichia coli-K12 WzxE (Coli genetic stock center, Yale university) were used for sCD89-bacteria interaction assays shown in Figure 1C.

Techniques: Transgenic Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Confocal Microscopy

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: CD89 Is a Potent Innate Receptor for Bacteria and Mediates Host Protection from Sepsis.

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.062

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. IgA-Deficient CVID Phagocytes Mediate Phagocytosis, ROS Production, and Bacterial Killing through CD89 Interaction (A) Representative plots of CD89 expression on blood monocytes isolated from healthy donors (HDs) (left) and CVID patients (right) using a phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated anti-CD89 antibody and its isotype control. (B) Binding of S.p or E. coli to blood monocytes from HDs (purple symbols) or from CVID patients (red symbols) in the presence of monomeric IgA (500 mg/mL) or of MIP8a F(ab’)2 (10 mg/mL). All data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 4. ***p < 0.001, t test. (C) Phagocytosis of E. coli-pHrodo by human blood monocytes and/or macrophages isolated from HDs or from CVID patients. Left: representative images. Scale bars, 200 mm. Right: quantification (n = 3). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. ns, not significant. (D) IL-6, TNF-a, and IL-1 production in the supernatant of monocytes obtained from CVID patients. Cells were incubated for 16 h in the presence of E. coli or S.p and in the presence or absence of MIP8a F(ab)’2 (500 mg/mL), and cytokines in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. All data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001; t test.

Article Snippet: The Escherichia coli (E. coli-K12, Strain SMG 123 (PTA-7555)), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (S. aureus, ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyogenes Rosenbach (S. pyogenes, ATCC 19615) and Escherichia coli-K12 WzxE (Coli genetic stock center, Yale university) were used for sCD89-bacteria interaction assays shown in Figure 1C.

Techniques: Expressing, Isolation, Control, Binding Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: CD89 Is a Potent Innate Receptor for Bacteria and Mediates Host Protection from Sepsis.

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.062

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Role of CD89-Bacterium Interaction under Physiological Conditions (A) Competitive ELISA assays between sCD89 and S.p (blue line) or E. coli (red line) and ns-IgA. (B) Competitive ELISA assays between sCD89 and S.p (blue line) or E. coli (red line) and pd-IgA. (C) Bacterial phagocytosis by BMMs obtained from CD89Tg mice (left) compared with littermates (right). Bacteria were allowed to be phagocytosed by BMMs from the indicated mice in the presence or absence of ns-IgA at physiological concentration (2 mg/mL) or MIP8a F(ab)’2 (500 mg/mL). Cells were washed and analyzed by flow cytometry. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 3. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001; t test. (D) S.p (left) or E. coli (right) phagocytosis by BMDCs obtained from CD89Tg mice compared with littermates. Bacteria were allowed to be phagocytosed by BMDCs from the indicated mice in the presence or absence of ns-IgA at physiological concentration (2 mg/mL). Cells were washed and analyzed by flow cytometry. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 3. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.0001; t test. (E) Representative images of E. coli (blue) and CD11c (red) staining by BMDCs derived from CD89Tg or wild-type (WT) mice captured by imaging flow cytometry (scale bars, 5 mm) and the percentages of the bacterial phagocytosis score. See also Figures S1C and S5C.

Article Snippet: The Escherichia coli (E. coli-K12, Strain SMG 123 (PTA-7555)), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (S. aureus, ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyogenes Rosenbach (S. pyogenes, ATCC 19615) and Escherichia coli-K12 WzxE (Coli genetic stock center, Yale university) were used for sCD89-bacteria interaction assays shown in Figure 1C.

Techniques: Competitive ELISA, Bacteria, Concentration Assay, Cytometry, Staining, Derivative Assay, Imaging

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: CD89 Is a Potent Innate Receptor for Bacteria and Mediates Host Protection from Sepsis.

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.062

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. CD89-Bacterium Interaction Protects against Infection-Related Mortality in Mice (A) Survival of CD89Tg mice (red line) and littermates (black line) after intranasal inoculation (at time 0) with S. pneumonia (n = 25). Kaplan-Meier curves and log rank test were used to compare mortality rates. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05. (B) Decreased lung contents of S.p in CD89 transgenic compared with littermate mice. All data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 8. ***p < 0.001, t test. (C) H&E staining of lung sections from representative CD89Tg and littermate animals after intranasal infection. Scale bars, 200 mm. (D) Alveolitis invasion score of monomorphic inflammatory cells. All data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 6. ***p < 0.001, t test. (E) mRNA expression of cytokines (IL-1, TNF-a, and IL-6) was assessed by qRT-PCR of 5 independent lung tissue RNA samples collected 6 and 48 h after intranasal infection. mRNA levels were normalized to b-actin mRNA levels. All data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 6. *p < 0.05, t test. (F) Increased survival of CD89Tg mice (red line, n = 26) compared with littermates (black line, n = 22) after CLP. Kaplan-Meier curves and log rank test were used to compare mortality rates. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01. (G–I) 48 h after CLP, peritoneal fluid was evaluated for total bacteria (G), E. coli (H), and Enterococcus (I) in CD89Tg mice and littermates. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; t test. (J) IL-1, TNF-a, and IL-6 levels in peritoneal lavage, assessed by ELISA 6 and 48 h after CLP. All data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 3. *p < 0.05, t test. See also Figures S6A–S6C.

Article Snippet: The Escherichia coli (E. coli-K12, Strain SMG 123 (PTA-7555)), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (S. aureus, ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyogenes Rosenbach (S. pyogenes, ATCC 19615) and Escherichia coli-K12 WzxE (Coli genetic stock center, Yale university) were used for sCD89-bacteria interaction assays shown in Figure 1C.

Techniques: Infection, Transgenic Assay, Staining, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Bacteria, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: CD89 Is a Potent Innate Receptor for Bacteria and Mediates Host Protection from Sepsis.

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.062

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. CD89 Protection against Sepsis Is Independent of CRP and IgA Antibodies during the Early Phase of Infection (A) Increased survival of CD89TgCRP-KO animals after intranasal infection with S.p compared with CRP-KO mice (n = 12 per group). CD89Tg mice and their littermates were used as controls. Kaplan-Meier curves and log rank test were used to compare mortality rates. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. (B) Decreased lung counts of S.p in CD89TgCRP-KO mice at 48 h compared with CRP-KO mice (n = 4). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01, t test. (C) Expression of cytokine mRNA (IL-1, TNF-a, and IL-6) was assessed by qPCR of independent lung tissue RNA samples collected 6 and 24 h after intranasal infection. Cytokine mRNA levels were normalized to b-actin mRNA levels, as indicated in Figure 5E (n = 4). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; t test. (D) Increased survival of CD89TgCRP-KO (n = 10) compared with CRP-KO mice (n = 10) after CLP. Kaplan-Meier curves and log rank test were used to compare mortality rates. CD89Tg mice and their littermates were used as controls. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. (E) Peritoneal fluid counts of bacteria 48 h after CLP (n = 4). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01, t test. (F) IL-1, TNF-a, and IL-6 levels in peritoneal lavage, assessed by ELISA 6 and 48 h after CLP (n = 4). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; t test. (G) Phagocytosis of S.p (left) and E. coli (right) after incubation with BMMs isolated from CD89TgCRP-KO or CRP-KO mice. (H) Phagocytosis of S.p (left) and E. coli (right) after incubation with BMMs isolated from CD89TgCRP-KO or CRP-KO mice in the presence of MIP8a anti-CD89 F(ab’)2. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; t test. (I) Measurement of mouse IgA antibodies against the indicated bacteria 48 or 168 h after S.p infection (left) or CLP (right) in CD89Tg or CD89TgCRP-KO mice. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. See also Figure S7.

Article Snippet: The Escherichia coli (E. coli-K12, Strain SMG 123 (PTA-7555)), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (S. aureus, ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyogenes Rosenbach (S. pyogenes, ATCC 19615) and Escherichia coli-K12 WzxE (Coli genetic stock center, Yale university) were used for sCD89-bacteria interaction assays shown in Figure 1C.

Techniques: Infection, Expressing, Bacteria, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Incubation, Isolation

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: Development of bactericidal spinel ferrite nanoparticles with effective biocompatibility for potential wound healing applications

doi: 10.1039/d0ra08417d

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fluorescent microscopy images of E. coli and S. aureus after treatment with NPs. (A) E. coli without any treatment (negative control), (B) E. coli treated with tetracycline (positives control), (C) E. coli treated with 250 μg ml −1 of NF NPs, (D) E. coli treated with 125 μg ml −1 of ZNF NPs, (E) S. aureus without treatment (negative control), (F) S. aureus treated with tetracycline (positives control), (G) S. aureus treated with 250 μg ml −1 of NF NPs and (H) S. aureus treated with 125 μg ml −1 of ZNF NPs. Percent dead cells of (I) E. coli and (J) S. aureus after treatment with different concentration of NPs. Experiments were performed in triplicate. The percent dead cells of E. coli and S. aureus was significantly higher in NP treated groups and positive control (PC) as compare to negative control (NC), (** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001).

Article Snippet: All the bacterial strains i.e. Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) (ATCC 15224), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) (ATCC-15442), Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae ) B5055, Salmonella typhi ( S. typhi ) (ATCC 14028) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) (ATCC 6538) were kindly provided by Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan.

Techniques: Microscopy, Negative Control, Control, Concentration Assay, Positive Control

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: Development of bactericidal spinel ferrite nanoparticles with effective biocompatibility for potential wound healing applications

doi: 10.1039/d0ra08417d

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fluorescent microscopy images of E. coli and S. aureus showing the influx of FITC after treatment with NPs and tetracycline (positive control). (A) Untreated E. coli (negative control), (B) E. coli treated with tetracycline, (C) E. coli treated with 250 μg ml −1 of NF NPs, (D) E. coli treated with 125 μg ml −1 of ZNF NPs, (E) untreated S. aureus (negative control), (F) S. aureus treated with tetracycline, (G) S. aureus treated with 250 μg ml −1 of NF NPs and (H) S. aureus treated with 125 μg ml −1 of ZNF NPs. Tetracycline, NF and ZNF NPs induced membrane damaged to both selected strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Article Snippet: All the bacterial strains i.e. Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) (ATCC 15224), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) (ATCC-15442), Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae ) B5055, Salmonella typhi ( S. typhi ) (ATCC 14028) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) (ATCC 6538) were kindly provided by Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan.

Techniques: Microscopy, Positive Control, Negative Control, Membrane, Bacteria

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: Development of bactericidal spinel ferrite nanoparticles with effective biocompatibility for potential wound healing applications

doi: 10.1039/d0ra08417d

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of NF and ZNF NPs on protein leakage from (A) E. coli and (B) S. aureus after 8 h of treatment at the mentioned concentrations. All experiment were performed in triplicate and data are presented with ±SD. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, ** p ≤ 0.001 were considered statistically significant.

Article Snippet: All the bacterial strains i.e. Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) (ATCC 15224), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) (ATCC-15442), Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae ) B5055, Salmonella typhi ( S. typhi ) (ATCC 14028) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) (ATCC 6538) were kindly provided by Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan.

Techniques:

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: Development of bactericidal spinel ferrite nanoparticles with effective biocompatibility for potential wound healing applications

doi: 10.1039/d0ra08417d

Figure Lengend Snippet: Generation of intracellular ROS by NF and ZNF NPs after 8 h of treatment in (A) E. coli and (B) S. aureus . H 2 O 2 treated cells were taken as positive control (PC) and cells without treatment as negative control (NC). All experiments were performed in triplicates, and data are presented as ±SD. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01 and*** p ≤ 0.001 were considered as statistically significant.

Article Snippet: All the bacterial strains i.e. Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) (ATCC 15224), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) (ATCC-15442), Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae ) B5055, Salmonella typhi ( S. typhi ) (ATCC 14028) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) (ATCC 6538) were kindly provided by Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan.

Techniques: Positive Control, Negative Control